Lithium-ion batteries can catch fire due to thermal runaway, a chain reaction where the battery overheats, leading to electrolyte decomposition and gas generation. This can ignite the flammable electrolyte, causing intense fires that are difficult to extinguish and can spread rapidly, posing significant safety hazards.

In extreme cases, thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries can lead to violent explosions. The rapid buildup of pressure from gas generation within the battery can rupture its enclosure, resulting in an explosion with the potential to cause severe injuries and property damage.

Thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries can release hazardous gases such as hydrogen fluoride (HF) and other flammable compounds. These gases can escape from the battery, posing risks of chemical exposure to nearby individuals and environments, with potential long-term health effects.

During thermal runaway, lithium-ion batteries can consume oxygen from their surroundings, leading to oxygen deficiency in enclosed spaces. Therefore closely monitoring oxygen levels plays a crucial role in personnel safety during clean-up operations.